NE WIN PERIOD Essays - State Of Burma, Military Dictatorships

NE WIN PERIOD Ne Win Period On 2 march 1962 General NeWin led the military coup detat which overthrew the parliamentary government of U Nu in Burma. He was the longtime Burmese strongman who seized control of his country in a military coup in 1962 and set up an authoritarian government that transformed his homeland, once one of the most prosperous parts of the British Empire, into one of the world's poorest nations. The government of general Ne Win seizure of power, which was rapid, nonviolent, and Ne win military rule continued until four decades. Besides, as soon after new win led the Burma army, he then overthrows U Nus government. U Nu and his ministers are jailed along with over thirty Shan and Karen leaders. Arresting U Nu, along with his cabinet and the tribal chiefs. Claiming he would give Burma a government "appropriate to its needs", he declared martial law, dissolved the legislature and supreme court and abolished the constitution. During the period from 1962 the country was absolutely transformed into a socialist one-party state under the leadership of General Ne Wins and military was declared as the supreme authority. After the coup, the constitution was suspended, dissolved the parliament, abolished the state councils and took control over the state. All political parties, associations and unions were illegalized banned the formation of political parties, protest were brutally suppressed. In form and theory Myanmar remained a federal state but in practical the military junta treated the country as a unitary state . He also established Revolutionary Council which composed entirely of military officials loyal to him. Ne Wins loyal officers initiated military reform as requested and turned the Burmese military into a formidable army. The reform plan included recruitment and training to expand the military, establishment of effective intelligence services, setting up defense institutions, drawing up military doctrines and arms procurement . This coup in 1962 marked the end of constitutional democracy and the beginning of direct military rule in Myanmar. Unfortunately, the military coup in Myanmar since 1962 has failed to address the countrys ongoing governance problems and made things worse.This leads to people rise up to oppose government such as demonstration of the student activists and religious leaders. In the summer of 1988, hundreads of thousand of farmers, urban workers, students, monk and civil servants took to the streets to demonstrate against their government leaders. They denounce military rule in government as there civilian should be in the seat of government. This demonstration action taken by the military government with violence. Causing casualties, as many as 3,000 demonstrators were killed in the action. The event known as the "Generation 88", which involves a series of students and monks. After long government ruled by Genereal Ne Win he then resign from his position as party Chairman in favor of General Sein Lwin in the last session of Congress IV Burma Socialist Programme Party (PPSB), Ne Win announced that he would resign from his position as head of state. He argued that his health began to fail. The end of the reign of Ne Win as Head of State later replaced by the Military Juntai SLORC (State Law and Order Restoration Council).

Geology and Wildlife of the Appalachian Mountains

Geology and Wildlife of the Appalachian Mountains The Appalachian Mountain Range is an ancient band of mountains that stretches in a southwestern arc from the Canadian province of Newfoundland to central Alabama, the heart of southeastern United States. The highest peak in the Appalachians is Mount Mitchell (North Carolina) which lies at an elevation of 6,684 feet above sea level. Habitat Classification The habitat zones found within the Appalachian Mountain Range may be classified as follows: Ecozone: TerrestrialEcosystem: Alpine / MontaneRegion: NearcticPrimary Habitat: Temperate forestSecondary Habitats: Mixed deciduous forest (also known as southern hardwood forest), southern Appalachian forest, transition forest, and boreal forest Wildlife The wildlife a person might encounter in the Appalachian Mountains includes a wide variety of animals: Mammals (moose, white-tailed deer, black bears, beaver, chipmunks, rabbits, squirrels, foxes, raccoons, opossums, skunks, groundhogs, porcupines, bats, weasels, shrews, and minks)Birds (hawks, woodpeckers, warblers, thrushes, wrens, nuthatches, flycatchers, sapsuckers, and grouses)Reptiles and amphibians (frogs, salamanders, turtles, rattlesnakes, and copperheads) Plants A hiker along the Appalachian Trail would see plenty of plant life as well. More than 2,000 species of plants are believed to live along the mountain range, with 200 species living only in the southern Appalachians. Rhododendron,  azalea, and  mountain laurel are among those producing flowers. A multitude of tree species includes red  spruce, balsam  fir, sugar maple,  buckeye,  beech,  ash,  birch,  red oak,  white oak, poplar,  walnut,  sycamore, yellow poplar, buckeye, eastern hemlock, and  chestnut oak. Mushrooms, ferns, mosses, and grasses also are abundant. Geology and History The Appalachians were formed during a series of collisions and separations of tectonic plates that began 300 million years ago and continued through the Paleozoic and Mesozoic Eras. When the Appalachians were still forming, the continents were in different locations than today, and North America and Europe had collided. The Appalachians were once an extension of the Caledonian mountain chain, a chain that is today in Scotland and Scandinavia. Since their formation, the Appalachians have undergone extensive erosion. The Appalachians are a geologically complex range of mountains that are a mosaic of folded and uplifted plateaus, parallel ridges and valleys, metamorphosed sediments and volcanic rock layers. Conservation The rich forests and coal veins provided industry to an often impoverished area. But the aftermath sometimes left areas of the Appalachians devastated with air pollution, dead trees, and acid rain. Several groups are working to conserve the habitat for future generations as the native species also face threats from urbanization and climate change. Where to See Wildlife The 2,100-mile Appalachian Trail is a favorite of hikers, running from Springer Mountain in Georgia to Mount Katahdin in Main. Shelters are posted along the route for overnight stays, though it isnt necessary to hike the entire trail to enjoy its beauty. For those who would rather drive, the Blue Ridge Parkway runs 469 miles from Virginias Shenandoah National Park to the  Great Smoky Mountains National Park  in North Carolina and Tennessee. Some of the places you can see wildlife along the Appalachians include: Appalachian National Scenic Trail (stretches from Maine to Georgia)Cuyahoga Valley National Park (Ohio)Great Smoky Mountains National Park (North Carolina and Tennessee)Shenandoah National Park (Virginia)White Mountain National Forest (New Hampshire and Maine)